Theravada Buddhism (To be edited)
Do not kill and prevent killing.
Protect yourself against adultery and fornication.
Avoid lies, slander, harsh words, and idle chatter. Reject avarice and greed. Do good and be faithful to your true faith.
The basic prerequisite for enlightenment is the will to redeem oneself and thereby be of benefit to others.
- Buddha (560-480 b.C.)
The following text is taken from the series " Small Buddhist scriptures " of the Buddhist house Frohnau in Berlin.
What is Buddhism ?
When we study the common books on the origins of religion, we will find that all authors agree on one point, namely, that religion was born out of fear.
The primitive prehistoric inhabitants were afraid of thunder and lightning, darkness and storms, and different things that they could not understand or control. In each case according to the situation of the one part humility and submission or homage and reverence were the means of the threat they saw in the unexplained phenomena to escape.
As knowledge and understanding of the people is more developed, were Religioen, which consisted of the reverence for things that had to fear, perceived as natural phenomena, ghosts and gods as unreasonable and ridiculous. At the same time the human fear was more subtle. It was the fear of suffering in human life, which is in birth aging, pain and death and can be eliminated by material means. Likewise, people began to fear disappointment and hopelessness caused by desire, anger and stupidity and can help against neither great power nor wealth.
In India, a country that has produced many thinkers and researchers in the philosophical- religious sphere, intelligent people gave up the worship of supernatural beings long ago. You searched instead for ways to escape the suffering that lies in birth, aging, pain and death, and to eliminate greed, hatred and delusion.
When recast looking for a higher religion, which is based on "insight" was born : Buddhism, a method for the destruction of contaminants (* 1) of the human spirit. Buddha discovered how to completely overcome the human fear, he found a way to overcome the suffering. This method we call Buddhism!
Buddhism is the doctrine of "enlightened" . A Buddha is an enlightened individual who knows the absolute truth, a man who understands the "suchness" of reality, and therefore all things behave towards appropriate. Buddhism is a religion that is based on intelligence and knowledge and their goal is the destruction of suffering and of the origin of suffering. Any veneration of sacred objects, presentation of gifts or praying is not Buddhism! Buddha regarded such activities as foolish and wrong. He also rejected the belief in celestial beings and the living angeblichauf every star in the sky divinities which were considered at its time of various sects as the Creator of all things. He said:
"Regardless of the movement of the stars are favorable wisdom and skill criteria that are useful and fürhen to success. Someone with these qualities surpasses the foolish people who sit there and run their astrological Kankulationen . "
And: "If the waters of the rivers (like the Ganges in India) could really wash away the sins and sorrows, the turtles, crabs, fish and shellfish that live in the holy rivers, would be freed from their sins and sufferings. "
And: " the man could really eliminate suffering through offerings and prayers, nobody in the world would be left who would still suffer, because everyone can sacrifice and pray. But because people still tend to suffer, although the rituals exercise and pray, that's clearly not the path that leads to liberation. "
In order to achieve liberation (of any suffering), we must first examine things closely in order to identify and understand their true Natur. Then we have to conduct ourselves so as to correspond to the true nature of things. This is the true Buddhist teachings.
Buddhism has nothing to do with the ehrfurchterbietenden prostration before any statues. Rituals and customs, such as splashing and drinking holy water or belief in spirits and celestial beings, in real Buddhism have no place. On the contrary, Buddhism depends on reason and insight. It is required that we act according to our own judgment and not take other people's words at face value, because a Buddhist does not rely on conjecture and assumptions. If someone tells us something that we can not simply believe him blindly. We should listen and examine his statement. If us his statement seems reasonable , we should check carefully to confirm it. This is one of the main features of Buddhism that significantly distinguishes it from other religions.
A religion is a versatile thing. From a certain point of view, it has a corresponding manifestation, seen from a different point of another. Many people consider religion, including Buddhism, from the wrong point of view. Different individuals with different mental attitudes have inevitably different ideas of Buddhism. Because we are all naturally trust our own opinion, agrees the truth for us with our partial understanding and our standpoint. Consequently, the truth is something different for everyone. To solve a question that penetrate different individuals a problem to varying degrees. Everything that goes beyond the own intelligence of the man takes, due to its own interpretation of truth rather than truth. And even if he agrees to the outside with the other persons idea of ​​truth, he knows in the interior, that is not the truth as he sees it himself. Changed with the increase of intelligence, knowledge and understanding and the idea of ​​truth that a man has, until he finally realizes the ultimate truth developed. Each of us has to examine a different method and to test it before we believe something.
Everything is transient and therefore suffering.
- Buddha (560-480 b.C.)
As others have said, Buddhism is a prektische method to gain by recognizing the true nature of things, the liberation from all suffering. The religious texts of Buddhism were summarized in the Tipitaka (* 2). But to strengthen either out of religious zeal or to the people confidence, were added at later times parts that are based on contemporary ideas. Regrettably, are now also the rituals and customs that have developed later and mixed with religion, accepted as the true Buddhism. Rituals, such as the performance of plates full of sweets and fruits as offerings to the Selle of the Buddha, and the distribution of alms in the form of food for the monks who do not fit into the framework of actual Buddhist principles.
However, that is considered by many people as the true Buddhism and strictly followed. Rituals and customs of this kind have become so numerous that they completely obscure the real Buddhism and its original purpose. Take, for example, the ceremony of becoming a monk. It was the custom of the newly ordained monk to present gifts. Guests are invited to attend the ceremony and to bring food, and the result is a lot of noise and drunkenness. The ceremony is performed at home and in the temple. The new monk leaves the temple a few days later and his aversion to the temple may perhaps be even greater than it was before (* 3) .
We must not forget that at the time of the Buddha, all these things did not exist, but have later developed. Monk to be grounded in Buddha's time meant that someone who had the consent of his parents, simply renounced his home and his family. He was in a position to terminate the domestic affairs and to follow the Buddha and the community of his disciples. At a suitable opportunity was ordained and his family might never see her again. That a monk visited his family for whatever reason, was something of an exception. Today, there is a rule that allows the monks to a given Nalass to return home. Buddha's time, this was not common. Monks were not ordained in the presence of their parents, nor was a grand celebration organized by then as it is now common to leave the temple and monasticism after a few days not much wiser again.
The gifts for the newly ordained, performing the rituals and celebrations called foolishly Buddhism. This "Neo - Buddhism" is so widespread! That it is almost universal. Dhamma (* 4), the real teaching of Buddha that once stood in the foreground, is so obscured by rituals that the ultimate goal of Buddhism distorted and disfigured will. The "Neo - Buddhism" is a tumor that has developed in Buddhism and continues to grow. This tumor exists in hundreds of different forms and has the good stuff, the real core of Buddhism gradually completely obscured a consequence of this is the emergence of many different sects as an offshoot to the original terms of religion. There are even sects who are involved in sensuality. We must distinguish astute, to determine what is the real and original Buddhism. If we foolishly reaching for the outer shell or us the various rituals to cling to the real goal eludes our sight.
The real practice of Buddhism consists of the processing of their own behavior ( what we do and say ) as well as the purification of the mind, which leads to insight and proper understanding. We may not think Buddhism would be "so" or "so" just because it tell you people. Since the day when Buddha died, the tumor has grown steadily and has spread. It must not be understood as derBuddhismus itself. Likewise, it is wrong if representatives of other religions classify these shameful excesses as Buddhism. Those of us who want to support Buddhism, whether as a stop for mankind or for its own well-being, must penetrate to the true essence of Buddhism and not reach for the worthless outgrowth.
Even the true Buddhism is versatile! This is a fact that can fürhren the wrong idea of its real meaning. From the standpoint of a moral philosopher is Buddhism a religion of morality. There is talk of good and evil, honesty, harmony and openness ( the heart), and that good deeds bring good and evil deeds evil. The Tipitaka is filled with moral teaching. Many newcomers are attracted to Buddhism because of the moral aspects.
A deeper aspect is Buddhism as a truth that can not be seen hidden deep below the surface and for the ordinary man. To recognize this truth, meaning:
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the "void" in the things understand
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impermanence, to see the inadequacy and lack of autonomy in all things and
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to understand the nature of suffering and the way to eliminate suffering.
The form of "absolute truth" to perceive that never changes and that everyone should know, Buddhism is the truth.
Buddhism as a religion is a system that uses morality, concentration and insight to gain liberating insight, a system that leads to complete freedom from suffering.
Carrying resentment around with oneself, is like grasping a glowing piece of coal with the intent of throwing it at someone else.
It only burns oneself in the process.
- Buddha (560-480 b.C.)
Buddhism as psychology, we find the third part of the Tipitaka, where the nature of the human mind is described in considerable detail. Even today is Buddhist psychology subject of great interest to those who study the meschliche psyche. It is much more detailed and more profound than the common general knowledge of orthodox psychology.
Another aspect is Buddhism as a philosophy. Philosophical ideas and knowledge is a result of the logical mind and can not be clearly illustrated by experiments. It differs from science, which is made of clear recognition by our senses or physical experiment with probative value or the inner eye of intuition. Profound knowledge, as the knowledge of the "void" is only philosophy for someone who has not yet reached the ultimate truth as it is science for those who had the ultimate insight into how an Arahant (enlightened one), the "emptiness" has clearly recognized and intuitive. Many aspects of Buddhism, including, particularly "The four noble truths" (* 5), are science, for they may be proved by clear experimentally. Someone who is interested in meeting to study and to do research, will find the well-known from the scientific principle of cause and effect. Buddhism is nothing hidden or vague and not just philosophy.
Some see Buddhism as a culture. Anyone with respect for culture, will find many aspects of Buddhist practice that match all cultures. Buddhism as culture is considered from the sociological point of view as attractive behavior.
Buddhism as a religion is the aspect where the true Buddhists should be most interested in , because we are dealing with the direct practical method for recognizing the true nature of things. The realization that develops it, give up clinging to stupidity and infatuation and be completely independent of the things possible. Implementing the means to penetrate to the core of Buddhism.
To understand Buddhism as a religion and practice is far more useful, than to see him only as a moral or a truth, for truth is nothing practical but profound knowledge. Buddhism as a philosophy is something that becomes the subject of speculation and arguments and is worthless when it comes to overcoming the geitigen impurities.
The last thing we want to look at Buddhism as an art, as the art of living, in other words, as skill and competence in humanity in which we lead an exemplary life, the other impressed and automatically leads to want to imitate it. As a Buddhist life artists, we must form the three "pillars" (* 6) :
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Development of our morality and thus the refinement of our behavior - SÃla,
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train the mind to be quiet, stable and concentrated. so that he is able to work - Samadhi, and
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a wealth of wisdom and insight into the true nature of things entwickels - Panna,
so they can not be the cause of our suffering longer. If there is someone able to design these three " pillars " can be said of him that he has mastered the art of living. So far penetrate to the true essence of Buddhism is that we make it the instructions in our lives, leads to good mental mood ( joy) and destroyed depression. We need have no fear that the complete overcoming of all defilements can be dry and colorless life or makes the complete freedom of thought and desire all Hendeln impossible. On the contrary, the man who makes the Buddhist principles for livelihood, is the real winner of all things in himself and around him. No matter whether it is people, possessions, or whatever is, and no matter whether they are perceived in the way the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body or mind and penetrate into consciousness, they come as a loser, unable to seduce us or destroy. To stand above is true bliss.
The human mind, is the taste of the Dhamma, is delighted with it. Dhamma can be regarded as an essential type of food. A person who is controlled by spiritual impurity, desires for food for the eyes, ears, nose, tongue and touch the body and look for it, as it corresponds to his nature. But there is yet another, deeper part of him who is not looking Dierse type of food. This is the free pure element of his mind that seeks the pleasure and delight of the " spiritual food " as the joy that comes from moralicher purity. It is a source of satisfaction of the enlightened man whose spirit, filled with mellow peace can not be disturbed by pollution, because he has a clear insight into the true nature of things, and therefore no more ambitions. The enlightened man so to speak, to be able to sit quietly without constantly having to run back and forth, like the people, of which Buddha said: "They are like smoke in the night and fire on the day.".
"Smoke in the Night" refers to the people who are tormented because of their turbulent and restless spirit of insomnia. Who suffers from it, lies awake at night thinking about how he will do this or that, is planning how he comes to money and rich is to buy the many things that he desires. His mind is full of "smoke". All he can do is to lie up in the morning and then get up to the "smoke" in obedience to fulfill all his wishes. The feverish activity of the slave of his desires is the "fire in the day ". These are the symptoms of a mind that finds no rest and the lack of spiritual food. Here the morbid hunger expresses, which is caused by the spiritual impurity of desire. The whole night suppresses the victim's smoke to the heat that be for a fire in the morning and hot burn all day in it. How can someone like " Smoke in the Night" and "Fire on the Day " lives his life, ever be calm and collected? Imagine only its constitution. Up in the coffin he endures his life from birth suffering and torment, just because he lacks the insight that can clear the smoke and the fire.
To cure such complaints, we must apply the wisdom, the Buddha has left us. Then the smoke and the fire gradually disappear in relation to the growing understanding of the true nature of things.
As we have noted, Buddhism has different aspects. Just as a mountain, seen from different sides, looks different, Buddhism shows respectively how you look at it. Even Buddhism has its origins in fear, not the foolish fear of the ignorant man who kneels down before idols or incomprehensible phenomena and reverence shows, but a higher kind of fear, the fear may never from the oppression of birth, aging , pain and death, as well as other diverse forms of suffering that we experience, to be free. The real Buddhism is not books or manuals or word-over-word recitation of the Tipitaka, or rituals or ceremonies. The real Buddhism is the practice, which only partially and then completely removes the impurities of the mind, which is what we do, say and think to express. You do not need books or manuals. Man should not rely on rituals and ceremonies or things as spirits or heavenly beings. Rather then focus directly with what one thinks, says and does, that is, consider one's own mind and observe its contents in order to identify and control with clear insight the spiritual impurities. One is then automatically able to behave appropriately and remains free from suffering .
We need to understand that this is the real Buddhism, and may not foolishly the "tumor", which hides the Buddhism, hold for the real thing.
* 1 When contamination of the destructive spirit, always in the spirit emerging factors desire, hatred and delusion are considered.
* 2 Tipitaka : literally, " three baskets". These are the collected Buddhist manuscripts, divided into suttas (discourses), Vinaya (discipline or training) and Abhidhamma (metaphysics).
* 3 In this customs are operations that are common nowadays in Thailand, a Buddhist country.
* 4 Dharma (Sanskrit) or Dhamma (Pali) : phenomenon; appearance; process, and the way things are by nature, the inherent qualities of the principle, which the course of the conversion of the things subject. Likewise, the principle of human behavior, the man should follow in accordance with the true nature of things, qualities of mind that the person should develop in order to realize the spirit inherent qualities. Dhamma is also called the doctrine that teaches these things. Thus, the Buddha's Dhamma is directly related to his teaching, as well as on the direct experience of Nirvana, the quality, the aim of which the doctrine.
* 5 "The Four Noble Truths" is the essence of the first sermon that has kept after his enlightenment the Buddha.
* 6 The three "pillars" morality (sila), concentration (samadhi) and wisdom (panna) are the foundations of Buddhist practice, which is also referred to as the "way" (to liberation from suffering).